What component helps prevent the brakes from locking during sudden stops?

The anti-lock brake system (ABS) is the component designed specifically to prevent the brakes from locking during sudden stops. When a driver brakes hard, the ABS automatically modulates the brake pressure to each wheel, which reduces the likelihood of wheel lock-up. This system allows the driver to maintain steering control and avoid skidding. It functions by rapidly applying and releasing brake pressure, which helps maximize braking effectiveness on slippery surfaces or during emergency stops.

In comparison, brake fluid is essential for transmitting force from the brake pedal to the brake components, but it does not actively prevent wheel lock-up. Brake pads are crucial for creating the friction necessary to stop the vehicle but do not control whether the wheels lock during braking. The master cylinder is responsible for generating the hydraulic pressure needed to engage the brakes, but like brake fluid, it does not influence the locking mechanism of the wheels during braking events.